Amebiasis Newsletter

Correspondence should be sent to:

Dr. C. Graham Clark, Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England, G.B.

OR: Dra. Martha Espinosa Cantellano, Departamento de Patología Experimental, CINVESTAV-IPN, Aptdo. Postal 14-740, CP 07000 México D.F., México

Seminar on Amebiasis

As reported in the last Newsletter, dates have been set for the XIII Seminar on Amebiasis. It will be held in Mexico City from the 29th to the 31st of January, 1997. You should by now have received an official letter of invitation and a request for those interested in attending to send in a reply. We encourage you to pass on the information and a copy of the form to any colleagues who may be interested. Announcements of the Seminar also should be appearing in journals shortly. In conjunction with the Seminar, the Archives of Medical Research will be publishing abstracts of the presentations.

Several colleagues in developing countries, in particular those in Asia, have enquired about the possibility of grants to assist with their travel to the Seminar. If anyone knows of organizations that may be a source of such funds, please let the editors or the organizing committee know.

Updating the Directory

In the last issue of the Newsletter, a form was included which we requested you to fill out with updated information for the Directory of amebiasis researchers that we maintain. This is used to mail not only the Newsletter but also announcements of conferences etc. that we believe will be of interest to people in the field, such as the upcoming Seminar on Amebiasis in Mexico City. Less than half of those who received the last Newsletter sent in their Directory Update form. We assume that this was an oversight on the part of many of those who have not yet replied and therefore we request that, if you wish to receive future Newsletters and other mailings, you send in your updated information soon (see back page). Our thanks to those who have already replied.

In addition to requesting updated information, we also solicited comments from recipients on ways in which the Newsletter can be used to further interaction among researchers in this field. A number of replies were received.

1. As a cost cutting measure more than one respondent suggested that the Newsletter only be distributed by electronic mail. However, currently only 40% of those receiving the Newsletter have indicated that they have an e-mail address. Therefore, until everyone who requests the Newsletter has access to e-mail we will continue to distribute it by regular mail. At the same time, if anyone receiving the Newsletter by e-mail decides that their `hardcopy' is unnecessary, we will gladly stop sending it in that format!

2. Another respondant suggested that the Newsletter be made available on the World Wide Web. The possibility of producing an `Amebiasis Homepage' will be investigated. Such a site would also allow for the incorporation of graphics and the Directory, as well as links to the growing number of amebiasis researchers who have their own `Homepages'.

3. A number of respondants agreed that the Newsletter could be made use of by more people as a forum for commenting on recent publications and for the sharing of useful information. As yet no submissions have been received, however! Two recent publications have been suggested as starting points for commentary - see below.

4. A suggestion was made that the Editorial panel be broadened. We will certainly consider this if and when there is something to edit!

5. Other topics suggested for inclusion have been: 1. Reports of outbreaks of amebiasis around the world and any press coverage; 2. Views on what the short term and long term goals of amebiasis research should be; 3. Information on possible sources of funding for amebiasis research, in particular for international collaborations; 4. A question and answer section where queries will be directed to and answered by one or more `experts' in the relevant area; 5. Clinical reports.

6. Many readers, particularly in developing countries, have commented that they find the 'Recent Publications' list to be useful. We will endeavor to keep it as current as possible but would urge you to please let us know if we fail to include relevant publications from national and non-english language journals.

7. We frequently have listed new isolates deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, but, as one respondent pointed out, we have not given any contact information! The person to communicate with at the ATCC is Dr. Thomas A. Nerad, Protistology Department, ATCC, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Tel: ++301-231-5516, FAX: ++301-770-1848; e-mail: tnerad@atcc.org

Congratulations!

To Dr. William A. Petri Jr. Bill is the recipient of a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Scholar Award in Molecular Parasitology, a well deserved honor for his many contributions the field of amebiasis.

Position Available

Assistant Scientist at the University of Minnesota in an active and internationally recognized laboratory in the area of tropical diseases. Responsibilities include: culture of parasite & tissue culture cells (25%); immuno-assays, experiment development & literature review (25%); cell-cell adherence, interaction, & production of recombinant adherence protein subunits (25%); and in vivo models vaccine efficacy & data analysis (25%). Essential qualifications: Bachelor's degree in molecular biology or related field & at least 1 year lab research experience, or a combination of relevant education & experience to total 5 years. Education and experience must include a minimum of 2 yrs lab experience. A strong research background in cell culture &/or immunology methodology such as ELISA, cytokine assay & antibody purification, SDS-page, affinity chromotography, in vivo models of vaccine efficacy.Selection criteria: a documented record of flexibility, reliability & originality desired. Additional qualifications must include the ability to work independently, strong analytical, organizational & communication skills. For further information contact:

Debra Poeschel, U of MN Dept of Medicine, UMHC Box 194, PWB 14-106, 516 Delaware St SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (e-mail: Debra.K.Poeschel-1@tc.umn.edu)

Comments requested

Dr. Gordon Bailey is soliciting comments on the following paper:

Leroy, A., Debruyne, G., Mareel, M., Nokkaew, C., Bailey, G., and Nelis, H. 1995. Contact-dependent transfer of the galactose-specific lectin of Entamoeba histolytica to the lateral surface of enterocytes in culture. Infection & Immunity 63: 4253-4260

Dr. Graham Clark is soliciting comments on the following review:

Clark, C.G. 1995. Evolution of virulence in Entamoeba histolytica. Tropical Diseases Bulletin 92: R147-R155

Reprints of the articles are available from the authors upon request. Comments should be sent to the Editors for inclusion in a future Newsletter. Replies to comments will also be included.

Recent Publications in Amebiasis

Abaza, S.M., Makhlouf, L.M., el-Shewy, K.A. & el-Moamly, A.A. (1995) Intestinal opportunistic parasites among different groups of immunocompromised hosts. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 25: 713-727.

Agbere, A.D., Atakouma, D.Y., Balaka, B., Kessie, K., Kuakuvi, N., Gnamey, D.K. & Assimadi, J.K. (1995) [Parasitic infection of the digestive and urinary tract in children in a regional hospital center in Togo: Some epidemiologic features (in French)]. Méd. Trop. 55: 65-67.

Aguirre Cruz, L., Lopez Revilla, R., Zacapa, E., Martinez, C. & Muñoz, O. (1995) Specific antiamebic serum antibodies in Mexican puerperae and their newborns. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 371B: 949-952.

Ahmed, M. (1996) Is it ulcerative colitis? (Note). Postgrad. Med. 99: 51.

Arhets, P., Gounon, P., Sansonetti, P. & Guillen, N. (1995) Myosin-II is involved in capping and uroid formation in the human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. Infect. Immun. 63: 4358-4367.

Arslan, S., Bakkaloglu, A., Oksuzoglu, G., Kadayifci, A., Kansu, E., Uzunalimoglu, B. & Kayhan, B. (1995) The value of p-ANCA as a serological marker in diagnosing the coexistence of chronic active invasive amebic colitis and ulcerative colitis (Letter). Am. J. Gastroenterol. 90: 2265-2266.

Arteaga-Nieto, P., Villagómez-Castro, J., Calvo-Méndez, C. & López-Romero, E. (1996) Partial purification and characterization of ornithine decarboxylase from Entamoeba histolytica. Int. J. Parasitol. 26: 253-260.

Asrani, C.H., Damle, S.S., Ghotge, V.V., Gokhale, A.S., Jalgaonkar, M., Kakode, P.R.P., Kumar, A., Merchant, M.A., Pednekar, A., Vaidya, N., Zainuddin, Z. & Phaterpekar, S.J. (1995) Efficacy and safety of metronidazole versus a combination of metronidazole and diiodohydroxyquinoline for the treatment of patients with intestinal amebiasis: a primary care physician research group study (Correction/Addition). Curr. Therapeut. Res. Clin. Exp . 56 : 1111.

Avasthi, R., Agarwal, S. & Ram, B.K. (1995) Leukamoid reaction in amoebic liver abscess. Indian J. Med. Sci. 49: 58-60.

Baez-Camargo, M., López-Canovas, L., Riveron, A.M., Chávez, P. & Orozco, E. (1996) Fast procedure to distinguish circular and linear DNA molecules in pulsed-field electrophoresis. Analyt. Letts. 29: 745-753.

Bagdatoglu, H., Ildan, F., Gocer, A., Tuna, M., Cetinalp, E., Doran, F. & Tuncer, I. (1994) Cerebral amebiasis: A case report. Ann. Med. Sci. 3: 97-101.

Bangs, M.J., Purnomo, Andersen, E.M. & Anthony, R.L. (1996) Intestinal parasites of humans in a highland community of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 90: 49-53.

Benhamou, Y. & Beaugerie, L. (1995) [Diagnosis and therapeutic management of human immunodeficiency virus infection-related diarrhoea (in French)]. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 19: B136-B144.

Beving, D.E., Soong, C.-J.G. & Ravdin, J.I. (1996) Oral immunization with a recombinant cysteine-rich section of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin elicits an intestinal secretory immunoglogulin A response that has in vitro adherence inhibition activity. Infect. Immun. 64: 1473-1476.

Binder, M., Ortner, S., Erben, H., Scheiner, O., Wiedermann, G., Valenta, R. & Duchêne, M. (1995) The basic isoform of profilin in pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica: cDNA cloning, heterologous expression, and actin-binding properties. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 976-981.

Borst, P. & Ouellette, M. (1995) New mechanisms of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 49: 427-460.

Brannan, D.K., Greenfield, R.A., Owen, W.L., Welch, D.F. & Kuhls, L. (1996) Protozoal colonization of the intestinal tract in institutionalized Romanian children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22: 456-461.

Bruchhaus, I. & Tannich, E. (1996) A gene highly homologous to ACP1 encoding cysteine proteinase 3 in Entamoeba histolytica is present and expressed in E. dispar. Parasitol. Res. 82: 189-192.

Calzado Flores, C. & Segura Luna, J.J. (1995) In vitro cytotoxicity of chapparin from Castela texana. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 38: 49-50.

Calzado Flores, C., Segura Luna, J.J. & Guajardo Touche, E.M. (1995) Effects of chaparrin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and their structural analogues on Entamoeba histolytica cultures. Proc. Western Pharm. Soc. 38: 105-106.

Carbajál, M.E., Manning-Cela, R., Piña, A., Franco, E. & Meza, I. (1996) Fibronectin-induced intracellular calcium rise in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: effect of adhesion and the actin cytoskeleton. Exp. Parasitol. 82 : 11-20.

Ceccarini, L., Antonelli, L., Teggi, A., De Rosa, F.G. & Traditi, F. (1995) Amoebiasis and inflammatory bowel disease (our experience). Mediterranean J. Infect. Parasit. Dis. 10: 29-31.

Chan, K.L., Sung, J.Y., Hsu, R. & Liew, C.T. (1995) The association of amoebic colitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. Singapore Med. J. 36 : 303-305.

Chang, J.-K., Im, K.-i. & Soh, C.-T. (1995) Axenization of Entamoeba histolytica, a Korean strain YS-27. Korean J. Parasitol. 33: 387-390.

Chiu, S.Y., Chiu, T.Y., Yang, S.Y., Fei, A.C.Y. & Chang, H.H. (1995) Studies of legal infectious diseases in the Republic of China: (II) Shigella infections and amoebic diarrhoea in the recent 8 years. Asia Seasonly Report of Environmental Microbiology 4: 17-25.

Choe, S.-C., Lee, M., Lee, S.-K., Im, K.-i., Tannich, E., Lee, S.-H. & Hong, S.-T. (1996) Differentiation of Korean iolates of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. Korean J. Parasitol. 34: 15-20.

Clark, C.G. (1995) Evolution of virulence in Entamoeba histolytica. Trop. Dis. Bull. 92: R147-R155.

Cruz-Reyes, J., ur-Rehman, T., Spice, W.M. & Ackers, J.P. (1995) A novel transcribed repeat element from Entamoeba histolytica. Gene 166: 183-184.

Datry, A., Carriere, J. & Danis, M. (1995) [What do we expect from parasitological stool studies? (in French)]. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 19: B99-B103.

De La Torre, P., Ortíz-Ortíz, L. & Lamoyi, E. (1995) Carbohydrate epitopes of Entamoeba histolytica cell surface glycoproteins are major targets of the human humoral response. Acta Trop. 60: 59-71.

Deep Singh, K. & Bhatnagar, S. (1995) Management of dysentery. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 93: 235-236.

Descoteaux, S., Ayala, P., Samuelson, J. & Orozco, E. (1995) Increase in mRNA of multiple Eh pgp genes encoding P-glycoprotein homologues in emetine-resistant Entamoeba histolytica parasites. Gene 164: 179-184.

Dhar, S.K., Choudhury, N.R., Mittal, V., Bhattacharya, A. & Bhattacharya, S. (1996) Replication initiates at multiple dispersed sites in the ribosomal DNA plasmid of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2314-2324.

Di Stasi, L.C. (1995) Amoebicidal compounds from medicinal plants. Parassitologia 37: 29-39.

Diniz, L.S.M., Costa, E.O. & Oliveira, P.M.A. (1995) Clinical disorders observed in anteaters (Myrmecophagidae, Edentata) in captivity. Vet. Res. Commun. 19: 409-415.

Favoreto Junior, S. & Machado, M.I. (1995) Study of the frequency, morphology and diagnosis of Entamoeba gingivalis, Gros, 1849. Rev. Soc. Brasil. Med. Trop. 28: 379-387.

Flechaire, A. & Peyron, F. (1996) [Amebiasis (in French)]. Revue du Praticien - Médécine Generale 10: 31-36.

Flores, B.M., Stanley, S.L., Yong, T.S., Ali, M., Yang, W.G., Diedrich, D.L. & Torian, B.E. (1996) Surface localization, regulation, and biologic properties of the 96-kDa alcohol aldehyde dehydrogenase (EhADH2) of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J. Infect. Dis. 173: 226-231.

Garcia Forcada, A., Sans, M., Gascon, J., Valls, M.E., Bru, C. & Corachan, M. (1995) [Amebic liver abscess: Review of 13 cases (in Spanish)]. Medicina Clinica (Barcelona) 105: 537-540.

Garcia Zapien, A.G., Hernandez Gutierrez, R. & Mora Galindo, J. (1995) Simultaneous growth and mass encystation of Entamoeba invadens under axenic conditions. Arch. Med. Res. 26: 257-262.

García-Manzo, N.T., Escandón-Romero, C., Escobedo de la Peña, J., Hernández-Ramos, J.M. & Fierro-Hernández, H. (1994) Amebiasis in the epidemiologic transition in Mexico: its morbidity and mortality trends in the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Arch. Med. Res. 25: 393-399.

Gatti, S., Cevini, C., Bruno, A., Novati, S. & Scaglia, M. (1995) Transmission of Entamoeba histolytica within a family complex (Erratum). Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 537.

Ghoshal, S., Prasad, B.N.K. & Lakshmi, V. (1996) Antiamoebic activity of Piper longum fruits against Entamoeba histolytica in vitro and in vivo. J. Ethnopharmacol. 50: 167-170.

Gilchrist, C.A., Streets, H.L., Ackers, J.P. & Hall, R. (1995) Transient expression of luciferase in Entamoeba histolytica driven by the ferredoxin 5' and 3' regions. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 74: 1-10.

Gillis, J.C. & Wiseman, L.R. (1996) Secnidazole - a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of protozoal infections and bacterial vaginosis. Drugs 51: 621-638.

González, C., Isibasi, A., Ortíz Navarette, V., Paniagua, J., García, J., Ramírez, A., Salvatierra, B., Tapia, R., Sepûlveda, J., Gutiérrez, G. & Kumate, J. (1995) Prevalence of antibodies aga inst Entamoeba histolytica in Mexico measured by ELISA. Epidemiol. Infect. 115: 535-543.

Gowhar, Quadri, S.A., Nayeem, M.A. & Habibullah, C.M. (1994) Copper and ceruloplasmin levels in amoebic liver abscess patients. In S. Kumar, A. K. Sen, G. P. Dutta & R. N. Sharma (Eds.), Tropical Diseases. Molecular Biology and Control Strategies. New Delhi: Publications & Information Directorate, pp. 516-518.

Guo, Z., An, Y. & Zhu, H. (1995) [Detection of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica DNA in liver abscess aspirates with polymerase chain reaction (in Chinese)]. Chung Hua Nei Ko Tsa Chih 34: 263-265.

Gupta, M., Kesarwala, H. & Gaur, S. (1996) Amebic liver abscess in a child. Clin. Pediatr. 35: 155-156.

Gutiérrez, G. (1995) Mexican contributions to the knowledge of infectious diseases, published in Spanish. Arch. Med. Res. 26: S27-S29.

Henry, M.C., Alary, M., Desmet, P., Gerniers, M., Muteteke, D., Nku, I., Mutombo, L. & Piot, P. (1995) Community survey of diarrhea in children under 5 years in Kinshasa, Zaire. Ann. Soc. Belge Med. Trop. 75: 105-114.

Hernandez, J.R., Blasco, A.C., Valdivieso, M.F.B. & Defuentes, I.Y. (1995) Autocthonous Entamoeba histolytica infections. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 87: 835-836.

Jacobson, R.L. & Doyle, R.J. (1996) Lectin parasite interactions. Parasitol. Today 12: 55-61.

Jarabo, M.T., Garcia Moran, N.P. & Garcia Moran, J.I. (1995) [Prevalence of intestinal parasites on school-aged community (in Spanish)]. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 13: 464-468.

Kain, K.C. & Ravdin, J.I. (1995) Galactose-specific adhesion mechanisms of Entamoeba histolytica: model for study of enteric pathogens. Meths. Enzymol. 253: 424-439.

Kasprzak, W. & Majewska, A.C. (1995) [Viruses of parasitic protozoa (in Polish)]. Wiad. Parazytol. 41: 131-137.

Katiyar, S.K. & Edlind, T.D. (1996) Entamoeba histolytica encodes a highly divergent -tubulin. J. Euk. Microbiol. 43: 31-34.

Khan, S.W., Shah, M.F. & Muhammad, A. (1995) Preliminary observations of parasitic infections in school children of Afghan refugees. Scientific Khyber 8: 69-72.

Kim, J.-M., Jung, H.-C., Im, K.-i., Cho, Y.-J. & Kim, C.-Y. (1995) [Interleukin-8 gene expression in the human colon epithelial cell line, HT-29, exposed to Entamoeba histolytica. (in Korean)] Korean J. Parasitol. 33: 357-364.

Koda, T., Kawai, H., Kikuchi, K., Matsukawa, M. & Kurihara, M. (1995) [Amoebic colitis, report of two cases (in Japanese)]. J. Showa Med. Assoc. 55: 535-541.

Kohli, K., Kela, A.K. & Mehta, V.L. (1995) Rational drug therapy as evaluated from student's clinical case. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 39: 400-402.

Kuzna-Grygiel, W. (1995) Histological and histochemical investigations of large and small intestine in guinea pigs infected by Entamoeba histolytica (in Polish)]. Wiad. Parazytol. 41: 155-162.

Lee, K.C., Yamazaki, O., Hamba, H., Sakaue, Y., Kinoshita, H., Hirohashi, K. & Kubo, S. (1996) Analysis of 69 patients with amebic liver abscess. J. Gastroenterol. 31: 40-45.

Leippe, M. (1995) Ancient weapons: NK-lysin is a mammalian homolog to pore-forming peptides of a protozoan parasite. Cell 83: 17-18.

Leippe, M., Sievertsen, H.J., Tannich, E. & Horstmann, R.D. (1995) Spontaneous release of cysteine proteinases but not of pore-forming peptides by viable Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitology 111: 569-574.

Leroy, A., Debruyne, G., Mareel, M., Nokkaew, C., Bailey, G. & Nelis, H. (1995) Contact-dependent transfer of the galactose-specific lectin of Entamoeba histolytica to the lateral surface of enterocytes in culture. Infect. Immun. 63: 4253-4260.

Leyva, O., Rico, G., Ramos, F., Moran, P., Melendro, E.I. & Ximénez, C. (1995) Entamoeba histolytica adherence: inhibition by IgA monoclonal antibodies. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 371A: 681-683.

Li, E. & Stanley, S.L. (1996) Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 12: 82-87.

Makioka, A., Kobayashi, S. & Takeuchi, T. (1996) Detection and characterization of DNA polymerase activity in Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol. Res. 82: 87-89.

Mata Cardenas, B.D., Vargas Villarreal, J., Martinez Rodriguez, H.G. & Said Fernandez, S. (1995) Entamoeba histolytica axenic growth improvement by ox bile. Arch. Med. Res. 26: 441-444.

Mishra, B. (1994) Clinical trial of Mahankhandaw Churna in management of amoebiasis. In S. Kumar, A. K. Sen, G. P. Dutta & R. N. Sharma (Eds.), Tropical Diseases. Molecular Biology and Co ntrol Strategies. New Delhi: Publications & Information Directorate, pp. 523-526.

Moliner, S., Imbert, P., Guisset, M., Sabbah, P. & Klotz, F. (1995) [Hepatic amebiasis and hemorrhagic rectocolitis: an accidental association? (letter; in French)]. Méd. Trop. 55: 183-184.

Mondragon Sanchez, R., Corte Espinoza, T., Alonzo Fierro, Y., Labra Villalobos, M.I. & Maldonado, R.B. (1995) Amebic liver abscess 'A 5 year Mexican experience with a multimodality approach'. Hepato-Gastroenterology 42: 473-477.

Mora-Galindo, J., Ramirez-Romo, S. & Jaregui-Topete, M.M. (1996) Pathogenic action of Entamoeba invadens: intestinal epithelium invasion by trophozoites in vitro. Int. J. Parasitol. 26: 297-302.

Navarro-García, F., López-Revilla, R. & Tsutsumi, V. (1995) Dose- and time-dependent ultrastructural and functional lesions of the colonic mucosa by Entamoeba histolytica lysates. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 371B: 1375-1378.

Navarro-García, F., López-Revilla, R. & Tsutsumi, V. (1995) Electrophysiologic and morphologic effects of Entamoeba histolytica lysates on rabbit colon. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 371B: 945-948.

Nayeem, M.A., Gowhar, Quadri, S.A. & Habibullah, C.M. (1994) Efficacy of detergent dissected membrane proteins of Entamoeba histolytica in diagnosis of amoebiasis. In S. Kumar, A. K. Sen, G. P. Dutta & R. N. Sharma (Eds.), Tropical Diseases. Molecular Biology and Control Strategies. New Delhi: Publications & Information Directorate, pp. 519-522.

Noguera, F.J., Elcuaz, R., Lafarga, B., Rodriguez, S. & Hernandez, C.R. (1995) [Multiple amoebic liver abscess [2] (in Spanish)]. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 13: 492-493.

Novati, S., Sironi, M., Granata, S., Bruno, A., Gatti, S., Scaglia, M. & Bandi, C. (1996) Direct sequencing of the PCR amplified SSU rRNA gene of Entamoeba dispar and the design of primers for rapid differentiation from Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitology 112: 363-369.

Oh, K. (1995) [Amoebic colitis restricted in the cecum and appendix, report of a case (in Japanese)]. Stomach and Intestine 30: 1209-1214.

Omrani, G., Rastegar Lari, A. & Khamseh, M. (1995) Effect of single dose of secnidazole in treatment of intestinal amoebiasis. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 45: 159.

Oriola Font, S., Loriente Tur, M.M., Manas Pagan, E., Margarit Vercher, T. & Martinez Costa, C. (1995) [Abdominal pain and intestinal parasitism in paediatric population (in Spanish)]. Acta Pediatr. Esp. 53: 428-432.

Orozco, E., Pérez, D.G., Gómez, M.C. & Ayala, P. (1995) Multidrug resistance in Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol. Today 11: 473-475.

Parker, J. & Brown, M.A. (1996) A liver-lung connection. Hospital Practice 31: 54, 56, 60.

Petri, W.A. (1996) Amebiasis and the Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin: fom lab bench to bedside. J. Investig. Med. 44: 24-35.

Petri, W.A. (1996) Recent advances in amebiasis. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 33: 1-37.

Petri, W.A. & Schnaar, R.L. (1995) Purification and characterization of galactose-specific and N-galactosamine-specific adhesin lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Meths. Enzymol. 253: 98-104.

Plonka, W. & Dzebenski, T.H. (1995) [Analysis of the occurrence of intestinal parasites among children in first grade in elementary school in Poland in the school year 1992/93 (in Polish)]. Przegl. Epidemiol. 49: 285-294.

Ponnighaus, J.M. (1995) [Extragenital ulcers after a tropical stay - Differential diagnostic considerations (in German)]. Akt. Dermatol. 21 : 243-247.

Ramakrishnan, G., Ragland, B.D., Purdy, J.E. & Mann, B.J. (1996) Physical mapping and expression of gene families encoding the N-acetyl D-galactosamine adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Mol. Microbiol. 19: 91-100.

Restrepo, M. I., Restrepo, Z., Villareal, C.L.E., Aguirre, A. & Restrepo, M. (1996) Diagnostic tests for amoebic liver abscess: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counterimmuno electrophoresis (CIE). Rev. Soc. Brasil. Med. Trop. 29: 27-32.

Saha, D.R., Gupta, D.N., Sengupta, P.G., Mandal, S.K., Ghosh, S., Saha, N.C., Sikder, S.N. & Sircar, B.K. (1995) Intestinal parasitism: a childhood problem in rural Bengal. J. Commun. Dis. 27: 170-174.

Santosh, V., Shankar, S.K., Das, S., Pal, L., Ravi, V., Desai, A., Sreedharan, A., Khanna, N., Chandramuki, A., Satishchandra, P., Swamy, H.S., Nagaraj, D., Gourie Devi, M. & Das, B.S. (1995) Pathological lesions in HIV positive patients. Indian J. Med. Res. 101: 134-141.

Sanuki, J.-i., Okuzawa, E., Imai, E., Kobayashi, S., Masuda, G. & Takeuchi, T. (1995) Concurrent infection of homosexual men with human immunodeficiency virus and Entamoeba histolytica: serodiagnosis of amebic infection. Japanese J. Parasitol. 44: 421-425.

Scholze, H., Frey, S., Cejka, Z. & Bakker-Grunwald, T. (1996) Evidence for the existence of both proteasomes and a novel high molecular weight peptidase in Entamoeba histolytica. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 6212-6216.

Schumacher, D.J., Tien, R.D. & Lane, K. (1995) Neuroimaging findings in rare amebic infections of the central nervous system. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 16: 930-935.

Schwartz, M., Glendon, R. & Davis, C.E. (1996) Fresh vs preserved stool specimens for detection of parasites. JAMA 275: 326-327.

Schwebke, J.R. (1995) Metronidazole: Utilization in the obstetric and gynecologic patient. Sex. Trans. Dis. 22: 370-376.

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